Tankerman · Operations — Topping Off
During topping off, the loading rate is reduced and ullages closely watched because this is when:
- AThe cargo is coldest
- BStatic is impossible
- CThe risk of overflow/overfill is greatest✓ Correct
- DVapors stop forming
Explanation
Topping off fills the last few percent to the planned ullage; with little space remaining, overfilling can happen quickly. The rate is cut, communications kept constant, valves lined up to switch tanks, and the high-level/overfill alarms relied upon as a backstop.
Authority: ISGOTT; 33 CFR 156
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