Safety, Fire & Survival · Survival — Cold Water 1-10-1

The '1-10-1 principle' of sudden cold-water immersion describes:

Explanation

On sudden immersion: the first ~1 minute is the cold-shock gasp/hyperventilation phase (control breathing, don't panic); then about 10 minutes of useful arm/leg movement before cold incapacitation; then it may take ~1 hour for hypothermia to cause unconsciousness — so get out or stay still and afloat.

Authority: Survival at sea guidance; STCW A-VI/1; cold-water immersion research

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