OUPV & 100-Ton Master · Stability — Free Surface
The free surface effect of liquid (e.g., bilge water or a partially full tank) on a small vessel:
- AIncreases stability
- BHas no effect
- CReduces effective stability by raising the virtual center of gravity✓ Correct
- DOnly matters at anchor
Explanation
Liquid free to move in a slack tank or flooded compartment shifts to the low side as the vessel heels, effectively raising G (reducing GM). This loss of stability is dangerous; keep bilges dry and tanks pressed up or empty.
Authority: 46 CFR Subchapter S; Bowditch
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