Meteorology · Icing
Dangerous superstructure icing on a vessel is most likely when:
- AAir is warm and humid
- BSkies are clear and warm
- CThe sea is calm and warm
- DAir temperature is well below freezing with spray/freezing precipitation and strong winds✓ Correct
Explanation
Topside icing forms when freezing spray and/or freezing precipitation accrete in below-freezing air with strong winds and rough seas. The added topweight raises the center of gravity and threatens stability; ice must be removed.
Authority: Bowditch (Pub. No. 9); NWS icing guidance
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