Chart Navigation & Plotting · Compass Error

The memory aid 'Can Dead Men Vote Twice At Elections' (Compass-Deviation-Magnetic-Variation-True, Add East) is used when converting:

Explanation

Reading Compass → Deviation → Magnetic → Variation → True correcting and adding easterly errors converts a compass reading to true. Reversing the ladder (True down to Compass) requires adding westerly errors instead.

Authority: Bowditch, American Practical Navigator (Pub. 9), TVMDC

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