Celestial Navigation · Refraction at Horizon

Horizontal refraction (a body observed on the visible horizon, as in an amplitude sight) is approximately:

Explanation

At the horizon refraction is at its maximum, roughly 34 minutes of arc — about one Sun-diameter. This is why a body is geometrically below the horizon when it appears to be on it; amplitude rules account for it.

Authority: The Nautical Almanac; Bowditch (Pub. No. 9), refraction

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